Boston, MA – A new study led by researchers at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute has found that a federal policy implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic requiring continuous enrollment in Medicaid led to a significant reduction in the rates of becoming uninsured for adult Medicaid enrollees.

The study, “Continuous Medicaid coverage during the COVID-19 public health emergency reduced churning, but did not eliminate it,” was published in the October 21 edition of Health Affairs Scholar.

Many people who have Medicaid coverage frequently gain and lose it, sometimes over short periods of time. This phenomenon is known as churning. Preserving insurance coverage in the wake of pandemic-related job loss was a priority in early 2020. In response, the government implemented the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, a policy aimed at protecting rates of Medicaid coverage continuity. The policy required states to allow anyone validly enrolled by March 18, 2020, to remain on Medicaid for the duration of the public health emergency, despite almost any change in income or family circumstances that would otherwise make them ineligible. 

“There is evidence that even short periods off of Medicaid have adverse consequences, like increased use of the Emergency Department, inability to take prescription medications regularly, and worse health,” said Hao Yu, Harvard Medical School associate professor of population medicine at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, and senior author of the study. “A continuous enrollment policy like the one put in place during the pandemic is unprecedented; therefore, measuring its successes–and/or shortcomings–is important to reducing churning at the end of the public health emergency.”

Our work implies that over 300,000 people each month in the early pandemic avoided becoming uninsured as a result of the continuous enrollment policy, and that a large part of the growth in Medicaid enrollment during the pandemic is a direct result of the policy,” 

-Daniel Nelson, Research Fellow

Using publicly available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey – Household Component (MEPS-HC) from 2018 – 2020, the team evaluated nonelderly adults and children enrolled in Medicaid during 2019-2020, and compared them to their peers with Medicaid coverage during 2018-2019. They found that, as a result of the continuous enrollment policy, rates of uninsured adults went down, but were not entirely eliminated. These findings are early evidence that some of the Medicaid enrollment since the start of the pandemic and public health emergency can be attributed to reduced coverage loss, and are consistent with existing evidence on the effect of the public health emergency continuous coverage policy, at least among adults. Rates of churning among children did not go down.

“Our work implies that over 300,000 people each month in the early pandemic avoided becoming uninsured as a result of the continuous enrollment policy, and that a large part of the growth in Medicaid enrollment during the pandemic is a direct result of the policy,” said Daniel Nelson, a research fellow at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute as part of the Harvard Medical School Fellowship in General Medicine and Primary Care and lead author of this study. He added, “This is significant for policymakers to consider as they look to protect Medicaid enrollment at the end of the public health emergency.”

About the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute’s Department of Population Medicine

The Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute's Department of Population Medicine is a unique collaboration between Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School. Created in 1992, it is the first appointing medical school department in the United States based in a health plan. The Institute focuses on improving health care delivery and population health through innovative research and education, in partnership with health plans, delivery systems, and public health agencies. Point32Health is the parent company of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Tufts Health Plan. Follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.